She remained in London, first as spouse after which as widow, until around the 1720s, however appears never to have built an independent life, as an alternative melting within hot scottish chicks the households of her husband and, latterly, kids. Increasingly, nonetheless, the most common work for Scottish women relocating to London was domestic service.
But whatever their fates, the ladies mentioned in this submit need to be recognised as impartial actors, capable, throughout the constraints imposed by their gender, of authoring their very own experiences. In the research of early fashionable migration, women are sometimes assumed to have exercised little company, forged as hangers-on to the lads of their lives. And actually, a few of them appear to have conformed to this pattern – women like Marione Monro, wife of Reverend Alexander Monro, who adopted her Episcopalian husband to London to flee the ‘Glorious’ Revolution in the 1690s.
In 1717, however, she was employed by James Scott in Vine Street as a live-in servant. She remained with him for ten years, till she was at least in her mid-50s, earning an annual wage of 50 shillings, plus meals and lodging.
She moved to London round 1688, at which level she will need to have been no less than in her mid-teenagers, as a result of she soon received married to a Dutchman named William. She appears to have spent many of the next three a long time circulating between a succession of masters as a yearly employed servant.
Nonetheless, they can be found, even if the traces that stay are often frustratingly imprecise. Take, for instance, Barbara Marshall, who appeared as a witness before London Consistory Court in 1702. From this record, we know that Barbara was Scottish, 26 years old, and married to a mariner. We also know that she had been living in St Johns, Wapping for at least ten years – that is, since 1692 at the latest. But past this barebones outline, we can glean nothing further about Barbara.
Born in Dundee in 1651, she made the move to London in 1661 so as to marry Charles II’s illegitimate son, James Scott, duke of Monmouth. Marriage ties like this shortly ensured that some women of the Scottish aristocracy, notably amongst its extra Anglicised families, have been actually born in London. One early instance was the formidable Anne Hamilton, 3rd duchess of Hamilton, who spent most of her life at Hamilton Palace, but entered the world on the Palace of Whitehall in 1632. In general phrases, Scottish women are far harder to hint in the sources than Scottish men. Often their identities are subsumed within these of the boys around them, principally husbands and fathers, which means that they turn into basically invisible.
The length of Anne Hayes’ working life in all probability made her uncommon among home servants, but however she demonstrates how this could possibly be one of the dependable methods for migrant women to help themselves as soon as they arrived in London. One of essentially the most intriguing examples of a Scotswoman in a trade was Isabella Inglish. She was an apothecary who relocated from Edinburgh to London some time around 1700, and who manufactured a chilly medicine often known as ‘The Famous Scotch Pills’. From her shop in The Strand, Inglish bought her pills in small packing containers sealed with black wax and stamped with a Lion Rampant, continuing in enterprise until a minimum of 1715. Inglish is understood solely by way of newspaper ads for her medicine – perhaps she was not even an actual individual, merely a marketing assemble.
While the alternatives available to them had been extra limited than these on offer to Scottish men, it was nonetheless presumably for them to find a position in London, be it as landlady, artisan, skilled worker or, especially, domestic servant. The metropolis introduced hazards too, nevertheless, in order that slipping into vagrancy or criminality was just as attainable for ladies as for men, and perhaps more so.
There were different women, corresponding to Mary Stewart, spouse of James’s favorite Sir Roger Aston, for whom the relocation of the court necessitated settlement in London, however more usually, elite women had been drawn to the capital via marriage. Take, for example, Anne Scott, daughter of Francis, 2nd earl of Buccleuch.
But actual or fictional, she is emblematic of the area available in early trendy England, or at least London, for Scottish women to carve out impartial economic identities. But if Scottish women might actually be found in early trendy London, what was their typical profile? Opportunities for migration and settlement were perhaps best for elite women. None, of course, have been more elite than Dunfermline-born Princess Elizabeth, the later ‘Winter Queen’ of Bohemia, who followed her father, James VI, to London after he inherited the English throne in 1603.
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